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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(7): 621-627, July 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896378

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: Our study investigated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients attending a university hospital in Montes Claros, MG, to estimate the prevalence of risk factors and their association with diabetes complications. Method: This was a quantitative, documental, retrospective and analytical study. Medical records of 95 outpatients with T2DM treated in this hospital from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed. Data were collected according to a structured questionnaire surveying sociodemographic, anthropometric and biochemical data and clinical and lifestyle aspects. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between risk factor variables and complications. Results: With a mean age of 54 years, the study population showed irregular blood glucose control, despite the use of hypoglycemic medication, and did not have a healthy lifestyle. The main complication reported was high blood pressure (HBP), occurring in 70.9% of patients. The prevalence of complications was positively associated with patients receiving insulin treatment (p=0.042) and multidisciplinary monitoring (p=0.050). Conclusion: The associations identified reflect the condition of patients that were already treating diabetes and its complications, especially HBP. The characteristics of the study population indicate the need to improve clinical follow-up and increase motivation for healthy behaviors.


Resumo Objetivo: O estudo investigou pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) atendidos em um hospital universitário de Montes Claros (MG) a fim de estimar a prevalência de fatores de risco e sua associação com complicações da diabetes. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, documental, retrospectiva e analítica. Foram analisadas as fichas médicas de 95 adultos portadores de DM2 atendidos no ambulatório do hospital entre 2011 e 2015. Os dados foram coletados de acordo com um questionário estruturado incluindo variáveis sociodemográficas, antropométricas e bioquímicas e aspectos clínicos e de estilo de vida. As análises de associação entre variáveis de fatores de risco e presença de complicações foram feitas por meio da regressão logística. Resultados: Com média de 54 anos de idade, a população estudada tinha controle glicêmico irregular, fazia uso de hipoglicemiantes e não adotava um estilo de vida saudável. A principal complicação reportada foi hipertensão arterial, presente em 70,9% dos casos. A prevalência de complicações associou-se positivamente com adoção de tratamento insulínico (p=0,042) e acompanhamento multidisciplinar (p=0,050). Conclusão: As associações encontradas refletem a condição de pacientes que já tratam a diabetes e suas complicações, principalmente a hipertensão arterial. Características da população indicam a necessidade de melhoria do acompanhamento clínico e o incentivo à adoção de hábitos comportamentais saudáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Socioeconomic Factors , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Diabetes Complications/classification , Healthy Lifestyle , Hospitals, University , Hypertension , Middle Aged
2.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(4): 801-812, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951880

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Many factors can interfere with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and this patient group has an increased risk of experiencing drug-related negative outcomes (DNO). The aim of this study was to identify the predictive factors of unsatisfactory glycemic control and DNO in this group of patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted collecting data from prescriptions and interviews with 100 patients of the Endocrinology Clinic of the Hospital Complex of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Variables associated with unsatisfactory glycemic control were determined and the DNO associated with antidiabetic drugs identified. Age (<65 years) (OR=4.09), family history of diabetes (OR=3.24), use of combined therapy to treat diabetes (2-4 antidiabetic drugs) (OR=5.13) and presence of DNO (OR=5.92) were found to be predictive factors for poor patient glycemic control. DNO were observed in 49% of the patients and were caused predominantly by ineffectiveness in patients with poor glycemic control (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups (satisfactory and unsatisfactory glycemic control) for DNO caused by safety issues (p>0.05). Characterization of the profile of patients with uncontrolled diabetes and of aspects associated with drug treatment can contribute to the planning of interventions to improve patient care


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Patients/classification , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Glycemic Index , Diabetes Complications/classification , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/classification , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , False Negative Reactions
3.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 49(1): 85-94, Jan.-Mar. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671404

ABSTRACT

This study develops and evaluates a pharmaceutical consultation program (PCP) to improve treatment for Type 2 diabetes patients (T2DP) and reduce risk factors for diabetic complications with possible application in other chronic diseases. We recruited T2DP receiving conventional medical treatment but with fasting glycemia >140mg/dl and/or glycated hemoglobin >7%. The PCP includes strategies obtained from Dader's method, the PWDT (Pharmacist's Workup of Drug Therapy method) model of pharmaceutical care, the SOAP (Subjective data, Objective data, Assessment, and Plan of care) method, and concepts based on a nursing care model. The PCP evaluated lifestyle, pharmacotherapy and monitoring it using laboratory tests, vital signs, and anthropometry. These procedures were repeated every 4 months for 1 year. Data obtained in each consultation were used to provide patient education focusing on healthy lifestyles and medications. Fifty patients completed the PCP. There were reductions in glycemia (P<0.0001), glycated hemoglobin (P=0.0022), cholesterolemia (P=0.0072), triacylglycerolemia (P=0.0204) and blood pressure (P<0.0001). Increased concordance with drug treatment and correction of drug-related problems contributed to improved treatment. We can therefore conclude that our PCP was suitable for improving health outcomes in T2DP by reducing risk factors for diabetic complications.


Neste estudo, desenvolvemos e avaliamos um programa de consulta farmacêutica (PCF) visando melhorar o tratamento de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 (PDT2) e reduzir os fatores de risco de complicações diabéticas com possibilidade de aplicação em outras doenças crônicas. Para alcançar este propósito, PDT2 recebendo tratamento médico convencional, apresentando glicemia de jejum > 140 mg/dl e/ou hemoglobina glicada >7% foram selecionados. O PCF inclui estratégias obtidas a partir do método de Dader, do modelo de cuidados farmacêuticos PWDT (Pharmacist's Workup of Drug Therapy method), do método SOAP (Subjective data, Objective data, Assessment, and Plan of care) e conceitos baseados em um modelo de cuidados em enfermagem. O PCF avaliou o estilo de vida, farmacoterapia e seu monitoramento através de exames laboratoriais, sinais vitais e antropometria. Estes procedimentos foram repetidos a cada 4 meses durante 1 ano. Os dados obtidos em cada consulta possibilitaram oferecer educação focada no estilo de vida e uso de medicamentos. Para os 50 pacientes que concluiram o PCF houve redução da glicemia (P < 0.0001), hemoglobina glicada (P = 0.0022), colesterolemia (P = 0.0072), triacilgliceridemia (P= 0.0204) e pressão arterial (P < 0.0001). O aumento da concordância e a correção dos problemas relacionados a medicamentos contribuíram para melhoria do tratamento. Assim, podemos concluir que o PCF foi adequado para melhorar a saúde de PDT2 ao reduzir fatores de risco de complicações diabéticas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Referral and Consultation/classification , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control , /methods , Hemoglobins , Diabetes Complications/classification
4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-140006

ABSTRACT

Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder of the carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, resulting in increased blood glucose levels. Various complications of diabetes have been described with periodontitis being added as the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess periodontal status and treatment needs (TN) in diabetic patients and to compare the findings between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals using community periodontal index (CPI). Materials and Methods: We evaluated the periodontal status and periodontal TN in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in Guwahati, Assam. A total of 459 (223 diabetic and 236 non-diabetic) individuals were assessed. A person was considered to be diabetic when his blood glucose levels were above 140 mg/dl under fasting condition and 200 mg/dl 2 hours postprandially. Periodontal status was assessed using CPI. Results: Periodontal destruction was found to be increased in diabetic individuals, with periodontal destruction increasing with increased blood glucose levels. The necessity of complex periodontal treatment also increased with increasing blood glucose levels. Conclusions: Individuals with diabetes are more prone to periodontal destruction, and hence, regular periodontal screening and treatment is essential in these individuals.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Complications/blood , Diabetes Complications/classification , Female , Gingival Hemorrhage/classification , Humans , Male , Needs Assessment , Periodontal Index , Periodontal Pocket/classification , Periodontitis/classification
5.
J. bras. med ; 98(5): 23-30, out.-dez. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-575355

ABSTRACT

A Federação Internacional de Diabetes (/DF) publicou novos dados indicando a enormidade da epidemia mundial da doença. Esses dados demonstram que o diabetes afeta atualmente 246 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, sendo que 46% destes com idades entre 40 e 59 anos. Dados atuais predizem que, se nada for feito, o número total de portadores de diabetes ultrapassará 380 milhões de pessoas em 20 anos. O estilo de vida moderno trouxe inúmeras mudanças de hábito e comportamento, como menor tempo dedicado à prática de atividades físicas regulares, um cotidiano mais estressante, além da maior oferta de alimentos industrializados, ricos em carboidratos simples e gorduras, pobres em fibras, minerais e vitaminas. Atualmente dedica-se mais tempo a atividades em frente às telas de computadores e a jogos de videogame e programas de televisão. Como consequência, tem-se observado maior incidência de doenças metabólicas, tais como obesidade, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), dislipidemia e, portanto, doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs), gerando a necessidade crescente de pesquisas em busca de novas opções terapêuticas para estas doenças. O presente trabalho visa fazer uma breve revisão sobre os avanços terapêuticos do diabetes mellitus tipo 2.


The International Diabetes Federation (/DF) has published new data indicating the enormity of the diabetes epidemic in the globe. That data show that the disease now affects a staggering 246 million people worldwide, with 46% of a11 those affected in the 40-59 age group. The new data predict that the total number of people living with diabetes will skyrocket to 380 million within twenty years if nothing is done. The modern life style has brought many changes such as more variety of food rich in sugar, fat and poor in fiber, vitamins and minerals, less time to practice a regular physical activity and a more stressful lifestyle. Nowadays, people spend more time in front of their computers, playing video games and watching programs of TV. As a consequence, many metabolic diseases have been increasing such as obesity, type I1 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases, leading the growing necessity of researches for new therapeutic options to these diseases. This article is a short review of type II diabetes mellitus's new treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , /complications , /epidemiology , /etiology , /physiopathology , /therapy , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Diabetes Complications/classification , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use , Incretins/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology , Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology , Obesity/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/physiopathology , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
6.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-834375

ABSTRACT

É conhecido que o paciente com diabetes é mais susceptível a infecções. Entretanto, apesar de frequentes, determinados tipos de infecções cutâneas nem sempre são familiares ao médico que presta o atendimento a este paciente. O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar as infecções mais comuns nos pacientes com diabetes, através de uma abordagem simplificada do quadro clinico, diagnóstico e primeiro atendimento.


It is well-known that patients with diabetes are more susceptible to infections. Although frequent, specific types of skin infection are not always familiar to the physician providing care to this patient. The aim of this paper was to review the most common infections in patients with diabetes, using a simplified approach to clinical, diagnosis and first initial treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Complications/classification , Skin Diseases/classification , Diabetes Complications/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Infections , Diabetic Foot/pathology
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 92(6): 457-463, jun. 2009. tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519967

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A diminuição da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) está associada com um prognóstico desfavorável em pacientes com doença cardíaca isquêmica (DCI) e diabete. Ainda não foi provado em definitivo se a mudança no padrão respiratório pode modificar o fator de risco nesses pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da respiração diafragmática sobre a VFC em pacientes diabéticos com DCI. MÉTODOS: A população do estudo consistiu em 145 pacientes do sexo masculino selecionados ao acaso, dos quais 45 apresentavam DCI, 52 apresentavam DCI e diabete (DCI-DM) e 48 apresentavam DCI e neuropatia diabética (DCI-ND). A VFC foi avaliada através de ECG de 5 minutos usando o método de domínio de tempo. O grupo de intervenção foi dividido em grupo aderente e não-aderente e o seguimento foi registrado após três meses e um ano. RESULTADOS:A avaliação basal mostrou uma diminuição significante em VFC nos pacientes com doença cardíaca isquêmica com ou sem diabete (p<0,01). Os pacientes com DCI apresentavam VFC mais alta do que os pacientes com DCI-DM (p<0,01) e DCI-ND (p<0,01). Um aumento na VFC foi observado em pacientes que praticaram respiração diafragmática por três meses (DCI-DM: p<0,01; DCI-ND: p<0,05) e por um ano (DCI-DM: p<0,01; DCI-ND: p<0,01). A VFC diminuiu significantemente após um ano em pacientes não-aderentes. A prática regular de respiração diafragmática também melhorou o índice glicêmico nesses pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A prática regular de respiração diafragmática melhora de forma significante a VFC em uma direção prognosticamente favorável em pacientes com DCI e diabete. Esses efeitos parecem ser potencialmente benéficos no manejo desses pacientes.


BACKGROUND: Reduced heart rate variability is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic heart disease and diabetes. Whether change in breathing pattern can modify the risk factor in these patients has not been definitely proved. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of diaphragmatic breathing on heart rate variability (HRV) in ischemic heart disease patients with diabetes. METHODS: Study population consisted of 145 randomly selected male patients of which 45 had ischemic heart disease (IHD), 52 had IHD and diabetes (IHD-DM) and the remaining 48 had IHD and diabetic neuropathy (IHD-DN). HRV was assessed by 5 minute-electrocardiogram using the time domain method. The intervention group was divided into compliant and non-compliant groups and follow-up recording was carried out after three months and one year. RESULTS: Baseline recordings showed a significant decrease in HRV in ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients with or without diabetes (p<0.01). IHD patients had higher HRV than IHD patients with diabetes (p<0.01) or diabetic neuropathy (p<0.01). Increase in HRV was observed in patients who practiced diaphragmatic breathing for three months (IHD-DM: p<0.01; IHD-DN: p<0.05) and for one year (IHD-DM: p<0.01; IHD-DN: p<0.01). The HRV significantly decreased after one year in non-compliant patients. The regular practice of diaphragmatic breathing also improved the glycemic index in these patients. CONCLUSION: The regular practice of diaphragmatic breathing significantly improves heart rate variability with a favorable prognostic picture in ischemic heart disease patients who have diabetes. These effects seem to be potentially beneficial in the management of IHD patients with diabetes.


FUNDAMENTO: La disminución de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) está asociada a un pronóstico desfavorable en pacientes con enfermedades cardiaca isquémica (DCI) y diabetes. Todavía no se aprobó en definitivo si el cambio en el estándar respiratorio puede modificar el factor de riesgo en esos pacientes. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de la respiración diafragmática sobre la VFC en pacientes diabéticos con DCI. MÉTODOS: La población del estudio consistió en 145 pacientes del sexo masculino seleccionados al azar, de los cuales 45 presentaban DCI, 52 presentaban DCI y diabetes (DCI-DM) y 48 presentaban DCI y neuropatía diabética (DCI-ND). La VFC se evaluó a través de ECG de 5 minutos con el empleo del método de dominio de tiempo. El grupo de intervención se dividió en grupo adherente y no-adherente y se registró el seguimiento tras tres meses y un año. RESULTADOS: La evaluación basal reveló una disminución significante en VFC en los pacientes con enfermedades cardiaca isquémica con o sin diabetes (p<0,01). Los pacientes con DCI presentaban VFC más alta que los pacientes con DCI-DM (p<0,01) y DCI-ND (p<0,01). Un aumento en la VFC se observó en pacientes que practicaron respiración diafragmática por tres meses (DCI-DM: p<0,01; DCI-ND: p<0,05) y por un año (DCI-DM: p<0,01; DCI-ND: p<0,01). La VFC disminuyó significantemente tras un año en pacientes no-adherentes. La práctica regular de respiración diafragmática también mejoró el índice glucémico en esos pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: La práctica regular de respiración diafragmática mejora de forma significante la VFC en una dirección pronósticamente favorable en pacientes con DCI y diabetes. Esos efectos parecen ser potencialmente benéficos en el manejo de esos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Breathing Exercises , Diabetes Complications , Diaphragm , Heart Rate/physiology , Myocardial Ischemia/therapy , Diabetes Complications/classification , Epidemiologic Methods , Follow-Up Studies , Myocardial Ischemia/physiopathology , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data
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